Annex a)
Project Logical Framework
Project: Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin
Goal
The development objective of the project is to provide the scientific basis and necessary institutional and policy support for
incorporating a groundwater dimension into planning and management of the Nile basin ecosystem as an essential component
of sustainable development of the Nile Basin.
Objectives
1. Improve the assessment of groundwater-surface water interactions towards strengthening protection of key ecosystem
resources as wel as the gains from and losses to groundwater on rivers and lakes in the Nile basin;
2. Enhance the characterization of the role of groundwater in wetlands and of the Sudd Swamps in the regional water
cycle;
3. Improve the use of water balance models in estimating basin-wide annual and monthly water balances in the Nile
basin as an input to water planning and management;
4. Facilitate the inclusion of groundwater considerations into integrated Nile basin water resources planning and
management activities and ensure a common understanding of groundwater issues and analysis among the riparian
countries.
Page 2
Outcomes
1. Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to understand extent and impact of groundwater on selected rivers
systems comprising the Nile basin
2. Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to assess the contribution of groundwater in sustaining wetlands in
selected areas of the Nile basin, particularly where groundwater is important for ecosystem protection
3. Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to use water balance models that incorporate physical, chemical
and isotope data to estimate annual and monthly water balance information that is essential for sustained management of
wetlands and lakes in the Nile basin
4. Enhanced capacity on the part of national and regional institutions to integrate groundwater considerations into Nile basin
planning and management activities
5. Project components implemented ef ectively and ef iciently accordingly; appropriate implementation of agreed monitoring
and evaluation plan and subsequently completed evaluation of project based on project objectives and performance
indicators
Project Process Indicators:
Means of verification
1. Identification and adoption of a mechanism (specialist Annual reports and final project evaluation report as per
panel, GW specialist network) to sustain the inclusion Outcome 5 and Output 5.3
of GW considerations in NBI processes;
2. Enhanced mainstreaming of GW consideration in
national level water resource management
Page 3
Outcome 1: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to understand extent and impact of groundwater on
selected rivers systems comprising the Nile basin.
Outputs
Inputs and Actors Verifiable indicators
Means of verification
For Outcome 1:
National and regional
Continued investigation by assessment reports.
national
and
regional Development impact
institutions of groundwater assessment and management
using a combination of activities reports specifical y
conventional and isotope in relation to Nile wetlands.
hydrological methods to assess
and monitor groundwater-
surface water interaction.
Incorporation of the findings
from these investigations
development and planning
activities af ecting the Nile
wetlands.
1.1 Report on groundwater
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
discharge to Lake Victoria (Kenya, Financial and
plan prepared
Water balance model
Tanzania and Uganda)
human resource
inputs from
Multi-level piezometers from simulations
National
the shore inland at selected
Governments,
sites instal ed.
UNDP-GEF and Sampling and monitoring
IAEA
performed
Estimation of groundwater
Institutional and discharge through scaled water
balanced model
Page 4
Outcome 1: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to understand extent and impact of groundwater on
selected rivers systems comprising the Nile basin.
1.2 Report on the water balance of
human resource Rainfal sampling stations
Reports
Equatorial Lakes (Uganda)
inputs from
instal ed
Water balance model
national and
Routine sampling and data
simulations
regional
analysis completed
Estimation of surface water-
institutions
groundwater through scaled
(including the
water balanced model
1.3 Report on the water balance of
NBI) as wel as Routine sampling, rainfal
Reports
Lake Tana (Ethiopia)
logistical support measure
Water balance model
where needed
and data analysis (Lake Tana simulations
Consultants
area) completed
(national,
Estimation of surface water-
regional and
groundwater through a scaled
water balanced model
1.4 Report on the fraction and age
international)
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
of groundwater contributing to the
plan prepared
Water balance model
river flow of major rivers entering
Routine sampling completed simulations
Lake Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania
Estimation of fraction of
and Uganda)
groundwater contribution to
river flow through a scaled
water balanced model
Page 5
Outcome 1: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to understand extent and impact of groundwater on
selected rivers systems comprising the Nile basin.
1.5 Report on the fraction and age
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
of groundwater contributing to
plan prepared
Water balance model
river flow of major rivers of the
Routing sampling completed simulations
White Nile (downstream from Lake
Estimation of fraction of
Victoria) (Ethiopia, Sudan and
groundwater contribution to
Uganda)
river flow through a scaled
water balanced model
1.6 Report on the fraction and age
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
of groundwater contributing to
plan prepared
Water balance model
Blue Nile (upstream from
Routing sampling completed simulations
confluence with White Nile)
Estimation of fraction of
(Ethiopia and Sudan)
groundwater contribution to
river flow through a scaled
water balanced model
1.7 Report on the loss of river flow
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
from the Blue Nile to groundwater
plan prepared
Water balance model
(Sudan)
Routing sampling completed simulations
Estimation of loss of river flow
contribution to river flow
through a scaled water
balanced model
Page 6
Outcome 1: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to understand extent and impact of groundwater on
selected rivers systems comprising the Nile basin.
1.8 Report on surface water-
Reports
groundwater interaction upstream
Sampling and data analysis
plan prepared
Water balance model
of the High Dam (Egypt)
Routing sampling completed simulations
Estimation of surface water-
groundwater interaction
through a scaled water
balanced model
1.9 Report on the fraction of
Reports
groundwater and approximate
Summary report on findings
from outputs 1.1 to 1.8
Water balance model
residence time of groundwater in
prepared including
simulations
rivers and lakes composing the Nile
implications for water
basin
management and ecosystem
protection
1.10 Summary report indicating
Reports
where groundwater is important for
Report on the groundwater
balances in the ecosystems Water balance model
ecosystem protection of lakes and
investigated
prepared simulations Groundwater maps
rivers as determined by
including recommendations
appropriately scaled water balance
Map indicating areas of
models.
notable groundwater impact on
lake and wetland systems
made.
Page 7
Outcome 2: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to assess the contribution of groundwater in sustaining
wetlands in selected areas of the Nile basin, particularly where groundwater is important for ecosystem protection
Outputs
Inputs and Actors Verifiable indicators
Means of verification
For Outcome 2:
Reports on national and
Continued investigation by regional findings on
national
and
regional groundwater interaction with
institutions
of selected water systems in the
groundwater/surface water Nile Basin
relations using a combination
of conventional and isotope
hydrological methods to assess
and monitor groundwater-
surface water interaction.
Incorporation of the findings
from these investigations into
water planning and water
management activities.
2.1 Report on the source of water to
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
wetlands adjacent to selected rivers Financial and
plan prepared
Water balance model
and larger lakes in the Nile Basin
human resource
inputs from
Sampling performed
simulations
National
Estimation of surface water-
Governments,
groundwater interaction
UNDP-GEF and through a scaled water balance
model
Page 8
Outcome 2: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to assess the contribution of groundwater in sustaining
wetlands in selected areas of the Nile basin, particularly where groundwater is important for ecosystem protection
2.2 Report on the source of water
IAEA
Sampling and data analysis
Reports
to the Sudd wetlands (Sudan)
Institutional and plan prepared
Water balance model
Sampling performed
simulations
human resource Estimation of surface water-
inputs from
groundwater interaction
national and
through a scaled water balance
regional
model
2.3 Report on the contribution of
institutions
Regional atmospheric data
Reports
moisture from the Sudd Swamps to
(including the
evaluated
Isotope data results
the regional water cycle, including
NBI) as wel as Isotope data to quantify
Model simulations
precipitation in the Ethiopian
logistical support moisture sources in the
Highlands
where needed
Ethiopian Highland
Precipitation integrated
Consultants
(national,
Potential changes in the Sudd
regional and
Swamps on regional
international)
precipitation evaluated
Page 9
Outcome 3: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to use water balance models that incorporate physical,
chemical and isotope data to estimate annual and monthly water balance information that is essential for sustained
management of wetlands and lakes in the Nile basin
Outputs
Inputs and Actors Verifiable indicators
Means of verification
For Outcome 3:
Findings and assessment
Continued application by reports on water balance
national
and
regional Documentation of
institutions of the models methodology for water balance
using the latest water and estimation
isotope data to estimate annual Documentation on workshops
and monthly water balances and training courses
and interpret the results
NBI documents and water
Incorporation of the findings models WRMP
from these investigations into
water
planning
and
management decision
Integration of assessment
results in the DSS and water
models of the NBI
3.1 Report on sub-basin and basin
Appropriate models to be used Report including data gaps
models to be used in analyses
Financial and
identified
Sampling and data analysis
undertaken under components 1
human resource Specification of additional guidance document
and 2
inputs from
National
physical, chemical and
Governments,
isotopic data needed for model
UNDP-GEF and application
IAEA
Generic guidance document
for sampling and data analysis
Page 10
Outcome 3: Enhanced capacity in national and regional institutions to use water balance models that incorporate physical,
chemical and isotope data to estimate annual and monthly water balance information that is essential for sustained
management of wetlands and lakes in the Nile basin
3.2 Report on the availability,
Institutional and Model applications from
Assessment report
integration and application of
human resource components 1 and 2 reviewed Methodology document
water and isotopic data for
Methodology for use in
Data sources to fil gaps
estimation of the magnitude and
inputs from
regional model applications
identified
timing of water fluxes to and from
national and
identified
the Nile basin
regional
Assessment of available data
institutions
and identification of data gaps
(including the
Identification of other data
NBI) as wel as sources
3.3 Report on the development and
logistical support Regional water balance model Water balance model
application of a regional water-
where needed
developed, tested, applied and developed
balance model for the larger Nile
evaluated
Model and interpretation
basin
Consultants
Interpretations of the
report
(national,
implications of regional model
regional and
results for water management
international)
and ecosystem protection
3.4 Report on training activities in
Water balance model - training Workshop on use of water
support of modeling
workshop
balance models proceedings
Training courses on water
Training courses reports
balance model ing
Outcome 4: Enhanced capacity on the part of national and regional institutions to integrate groundwater considerations into
Nile basin planning and management activities
Outputs
Inputs and Actors Verifiable indicators
Means of verification
Page 11
Outcome 4: Enhanced capacity on the part of national and regional institutions to integrate groundwater considerations into
Nile basin planning and management activities
For Outcome 4:
Institutional ar angements
Groundwater
information Documentation of
generated under components 1, groundwater information
2, and 3 are included in basin- generated
wide projects car ied out under Proceedings of networking
the auspices of NBI, primarily discussions, activities and
NTEAP and WRPM, and in reviews
the
Lake
Victoria
Environmental Management
project;
Existing
Nile
water
management networks discuss
and review groundwater issues
on a regular basis and new
structures
(e.g.
Nile
Groundwater Working Group)
established as deemed
appropriate and functioning
within the NBI as needed to
ensure the inclusion of
groundwater
issues
appropriately;
National groundwater focal
points and/ or other
mechanisms for groundwater
information exchange
established within the NBI
continue to function beyond
the duration of the project
Page 12
Outcome 4: Enhanced capacity on the part of national and regional institutions to integrate groundwater considerations into
Nile basin planning and management activities
4.1 National Groundwater Reports Financial and
Format for reports established Report formats established
and 1 Regional groundwater status
human resource National reports on
National reports on
report
groundwater status and
groundwater status and
inputs from
technical capacity produced
technical capacity to assess
National
Regional report on
groundwater issues
Governments,
groundwater status and
Regional report on
UNDP-GEF and technical capacity prepared groundwater status and
IAEA
Regional stakeholders meeting technical capacity
Institutional and held to review the report and
Regional stakeholders meeting
human resource to consider next steps
proceedings
4.2 Report on the planned and
Groundwater considerations in Report on eview of
potential use for groundwater
inputs from
on-going and planned regional Groundwater considerations in
information in both Nile basin as
national and
planning projects reviewed.
on-going and planned regional
wel as related national aquifer
regional
Recommendations for fol ow- planning projects
planning and management projects
institutions
(including the
up activities and training made Recommendations report on
NBI) as wel as Sub-regional training
fol ow-up activities and
workshop held
training
logistical support
Sub-regional training
workshop proceedings
Page 13
Outcome 4: Enhanced capacity on the part of national and regional institutions to integrate groundwater considerations into
Nile basin planning and management activities
4.3 Enhanced awareness of
where needed
Standard package on
Standard package on
groundwater management issues
Consultants
groundwater assessment and groundwater assessment and
among national and regional
management prepared
management
decision makers
(national,
Participation in relevant
National water or economic
regional and
national water or economic
development meetings'
international)
development meetings
procedures
Participation in annual
Annual meetings of NBI and
meetings of NBI and Lake
Lake Victoria Basin
Victoria Basin Commission
Commission proceedings
Regional meetings to review Meeting reports
results of components 1, 2 and Training workshop
3 and to determine necessary proceedings
responses held
Two sub-regional
training/awareness workshops
held
4.4 Regional Nile Groundwater
Options for information
Report on options for info
network (10 country) established to
sharing and networks reviewed sharing and approaches for
exchange information on
Assessment of the network
developing a network
groundwater planning and
benefits for existing projects Regional network meetings
management issues as wel as to
and programmes
reports
assist in integration of groundwater
Regional network meetings
Resources centers equipment
considerations into Nile River
held
and resources
Basin planning and management
Regional and national resource
centers equipped
Page 14
Outcome 5: Project components implemented ef ectively and ef iciently accordingly; appropriate implementation of agreed
monitoring and evaluation plan and subsequently completed evaluation of project based on project objectives and
performance indicators
Outputs
Inputs and Actors Verifiable indicators
Means of verification
For Outcome 5:
Steering commit ee reports and
Reports from national advisory reviews
and project steering
Project implementation plan
commit ees submit ed in a
framework
timely manner
Monitoring and evaluation
Cor ective actions and
framework and reports
adjustments recommended
where needed
Writ en reviews of the final
summary reports prepared at
the end of components 1 to 3
Monitoring and evaluation
plans and reports prepared as
required
5.1 Reports on the annual meetings
Project inception meeting held Inception report
of the project steering commit ee
PMU
and inception report prepared Steering
Financial and
human resource Project activities under al
inputs from
components reviewed by
National
project steering commit ee on
an annual basis and reports
Governments,
prepared
Page 15
Outcome 5: Project components implemented ef ectively and ef iciently accordingly; appropriate implementation of agreed
monitoring and evaluation plan and subsequently completed evaluation of project based on project objectives and
performance indicators
5.2 Reports on the annual meetings
UNDP-GEF and National project advisory
National project advisory
of national project advisory
IAEA
commit ee meeting held
commit ee meeting
commit ees
annual y
proceedings
Activities
Institutional and Meeting reports submit ed
Meeting reports submission
human resource
5.3 Evaluation reports
inputs from
national and
Annual and quarterly progress Annual and Quarterly progress
regional
reporting
Reports
Regular updating of project
Updates of project execution
institutions.
execution plans and project
plans and budgets
Consultants
budgets,
Independent final project
Ar angement of one
evaluation report
independent final project
evaluation exercise
Page 16
Annex b)
Award ID:
tbd
PIMS 3765_Egypt_Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into
Award Title:
the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin
Business Unit:
EGY10
Project ID:
tbd
Project Title:
PIMS 3765_Egypt_Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into
the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin
Implementing
Partner (Executing
Agency:)
IAEA
GEF
Responsible Fund Donor Atlas
"ATLAS Budget
Outcome/Atlas
Party /
ID
Name Budgeta
Description"
Activity**
Implementing
ry
Agent
Account
Year 1
Year 2 Year 3
Year 4
Total
Code
(2007)
(2008) (2009)
(2010)
(USD)
USD
USD
USD
USD
OUTCOME 1:
IAEA
62000 GEF
71300 Local Consultants
0
19 440
17 280
0
36 720
Enhanced capacity
in national and
IAEA
62000 GEF
71200 International
regional institutions
Consultants
0
0
0
0
0
to understand
IAEA
62000 GEF
71600 Travel
0
4 536
6 048
0
10 584
extent and impact
of groundwater on
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 National Meetings
0
0
0
0
0
selected rivers
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 Regional Meetings
0
27 000
27 000
0
54 000
systems comprising
the Nile basin
Subtotal GEF
0
50 976
50 328
0
101 304
IAEA
IAEA
Experts
13 800
13 860
22 900
9 120
59 680
IAEA
IAEA
Meetings
27 500
27 500
Page 17
Training, Sampling
IAEA
IAEA
Campaigns & Data
27 750
27 750
15 000
70 500
Evaluation
IAEA
IAEA
Equipment
84 700
84 700
Procurement (Lab
IAEA
IAEA
sample Analysis &
31 350
191 400 79 200 301 950
Assessment, etc.)
Subtotal IAEA
13 800
157 660
242 050 130 820 544 330
SUBTOTAL
OUTCOME 1
13 800
208 636
292 378 130 820 645 634
OUTCOME 2:
IAEA
62000 GEF
71300 Local Consultants
0
18 360
16 200
0
34 560
Enhanced capacity
in national and
IAEA
62000 GEF
71200 International
regional institutions
Consultants
0
10 584
8 856
0
19 440
to assess the
IAEA
62000 GEF
71600 Travel
0
3 780
3 780
0
7 560
contribution of
groundwater in
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 National Meetings
0
8 100
8 100
0
16 200
sustaining wetlands
in selected areas of
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 Regional Meetings
0
17 280
17 280
0
34 560
the Nile basin,
IAEA
62000 GEF
71300 Contractual Services
0
16 200
19 440
0
35 640
particularly where
groundwater is
Subtotal GEF
0
74 304
73 656
0
147 960
important for
IAEA
IAEA
ecosystem
Experts
9 200
20 790
13 450
28 880
72 320
protection
IAEA
IAEA
Meetings
22 500
22 500
Training, Sampling
IAEA
IAEA
Campaigns & Data
35 000
30 000
14 500
79 500
Evaluation
IAEA
IAEA
Equipment
36 300
36 300
Page 18
Procurement (Lab
IAEA
IAEA
sample Analysis &
25 650
138 600 80 800 245 050
Assessment, etc.)
Subtotal IAEA
9 200
117 740
182 050 146 680 455 670
SUBTOTAL
OUTCOME 2
9 200
192 044
255 706 146 680 603 630
OUTCOME 3:
IAEA
62000 GEF
71300 Local Consultants
0
34 560
32 400
14 040
81 000
Enhanced capacity
in national and
regional institutions
IAEA
62000 GEF
71200 International
Consultants
0
43 200
43 200
21 600 108 000
to use water
balance models that
IAEA
62000 GEF
71600 Travel
0
16 200
16 200
8 722
41 122
incorporate
physical, chemical
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 Regional Meetings
0
26 568
26 568
0
53 136
and isotope data to
estimate annual
Miscel aneous
and monthly water
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 (software, equip for
0
5 400
5 400
0
10 800
balance
model ing, etc.)
information that is
Subtotal GEF
0
125 928
123 768 44 362 294 058
essential for
sustained
management of
wetlands and lakes
SUBTOTAL
OUTCOME 3
0
125 928
123 768 44 362 294 058
in the Nile basin
OUTCOME 4:
IAEA
62000 GEF
71300 Local Consultants
0
43 200
27 000
11 880
82 080
Enhanced capacity
on the part of
IAEA
62000 GEF
71200 International
national and
Consultants
0
27 000
21 600
13 500
62 100
regional institutions
IAEA
62000 GEF
71600 Travel
0
5 400
4 320
2 700
12 420
to integrate
groundwater
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 National Meetings
0
63 720
0
0
63 720
Page 19
considerations into
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 Regional Meetings **
0
32 400
32 400
32 400
97 200
Nile basin planning
and management
IAEA
62000 GEF
74500 Miscel aneous (public
information materials)
0
0
9 288
11 070
20 358
activities
Subtotal GEF
0
171 720
94 608
71 550 337 878
SUBTOTAL
OUTCOME 4
0
171 720
94 608
71 550 337 878
OUTCOME 5:
IAEA
62000 GEF
71200 Final MSP Review
0
0
0
32 400
32 400
Project components
implemented
effectively and
IAEA
62000 GEF
71400 Inception & Final
Project Meeting
43 200
0
0
43 200
86 400
efficiently
accordingly;
Subtotal GEF
43 200
0
0
75 600 118 800
appropriate
Project Management
implementation of
(See Project
0
0
0
0
agreed monitoring
Management notes)
and evaluation plan
and subsequently
Subtotal IAEA
0
0
0
0
0
completed
evaluation of
project based on
project objectives
SUBTOTAL
OUTCOME 5
43 200
0
0
75 600 118 800
and performance
indicators
**Linked to PSC meetings
TOTAL
66 200
698 328
766 460 469 012 2 000 000
Page 20
Summary of Funds
GEF
43 200 422 928
342 360 191 512 1 000 000
IAEA (In-Kind)
50 000 100 000
100 000 100 000 350 000
IAEA(In Cash)
23 000 275 400
424 100 277 500 1 000 000
Government in kind
(Egypt)
52 200 156 600
208 800 104 400 522 000
Government in kind
(Ethiopia)
8 600
25 800
34 400 17 200
86 000
Government in kind
(Kenya)
6 850
20 550
27 400 13 700
68 500
Government in kind
(Sudan)
55 000 165 000
220 000 110 000 550 000
Government in kind
(Tanzania)
18 350
55 050
73 400 36 700 183 500
Government in kind
(Uganda)
13 080
39 240
52 320 26 160 130 800
TOTAL
168 400 954 928 1 075 260 673 412 3 890 800
Page 21
Explanatory Notes for the TBWP table- IAEA/UNDP/ GEF Nile Groundwater MSP
For adaptive Management reasons, the above budget breakdown and below budget notes are only indicative. They wil be
subject to changes throughout the project execution, based on review of progress and changes in project conditions, risks
and assumptions.
Al contracts listed below wil be procured as per UNDP/IAEA rules and regulations.
Outcome 1: The IAEA co-funding wil support the majority of activities for this component. GEF funding wil be used to for
supporting field work (consultants, logistical support etc.) and for coordination of respective activities of national teams.
Outcome 2: The international consultant wil provide technical guidance to national experts to prepare and car y out field
work. Travel funds supports the travel of experts for the field work and meetings to analyze and assess results. Contractual
services support sampling activities in remote areas (hiring of boats, equipment etc. in areas like the Sudd Swamps etc.)
Outcome 3: An international consultant wil guide the implementation of this component including the work of national
experts. The international expert wil need to work closely with staf of the Nile Water Resource Management project and
this wil involve significant work on site with WRMP staf i.e. in Addis Ababa, to assure appropriate coordination of activities
as wel as the integration of this MSP results into the overal Nile Basin Decision Support System (DSS>).
Outcome 4: National consultants wil be hired in each Nile Basin country and work under the guidance of an international
groundwater policy expert. The travel budget is related to the international consultant's participation in regional groundwater/
Nile policy meetings (2) and where appropriate, participation in select national meetings. Miscel aneous budget is
specifical y to produce public information to communicate project outcomes to key stakeholders.
Page 22
Outcome 5: An inception meeting and final project meeting (to assure integration of project results into overal NBI
framework) wil be supported with GEF funds in the 1st and final year respectively. The project steering commit ee wil be
established at the Inception Meeting. The PSC wil then meet in the frame of other project meetings supported in project
components 3 and 4 respectively.
Note to the Project Management Table
* Project management wil be achieved via IAEA staf members. IAEA in-kind co-funding of 350000 USD wil be provided
for project support/coordination as needed. In-kind support wil be documented and confirmed during project implementation.
This demonstrates the complete integration of the project in IAEA's program.
Note to Travel Budget:
GEF funds wil be used to support travel in relation to the field work, monitoring and evaluation meetings and necessary
meetings for the delivery of outcomes. The GEF travel budget wil be supplemented through the cash-contribution of the
IAEA.
Annex c)
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The fol owing represents the IAEA/UNDP/GEF "Groundwater in the Nile Basin" Project Time Frame. This assumes a project start up date of July 2007. A ful
Project Implementation Plan wil be detailed during the first project inception meeting.
Table - Project Time-Chart 2007-2010
Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct-
Project Components/Activities Duration
(months) Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec
2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010
PROJECT
42
Inception Period
6
1. Assess groundwater in Nile
lakes and rivers
16
2 Assess Groundwater in Nile
wetlands
20
3. Data Synthesis with regional
model
18
4. Integrating groundwater
considerations into Nile Basin
36
management
5. Project monitoring and
evaluation
36
Annex d)
Page 2
Annex e)
REPORT ON
COORDINATION AND PROGRAMMING
MEETING FOR THE FORMULATION
OF AN IAEA/ UNDP/ GEF MEDIUM
SIZED PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR
"ADDING THE GROUNDWATER
DIMENSION TO NILE RIVER BASIN
MANAGEMENT"
VIENNA, 29 May to 2 June 2006
Project RAF/8/037: "Sustainable Development and
Equitable Utilisation of the Common Nile Basin Water
Resources"
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 RESOURCE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 COUNTRY REPORTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Lake Victoria Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Blue Nile Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 Lake Nasser Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 FUTURE POSSIBLE THRUSTS FOR THE USE OF ISOTOPES IN STUDYING
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS IN THE NILE BASIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 PROJECT FORMULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6 CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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INTRODUCTION
The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI see website www.nilebasin.org) was formed to address issues
af ecting the River Nile within a basin-wide context. Among these issues are the processes af ecting
the water balance within the basin, and the maintenance of acceptable water quality in al areas of the
basin. In response to requests from Member States involved in the NBI, the Board of Governors of the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) approved project RAF/8/037 to utilize isotopic
techniques which are uniquely suited for addressing several of the outstanding hydrologic problems
within the Nile Basin.
A pre-project formulation meeting was held in the Agency Headquarters in Vienna from 20-24 August
2002 during which participants from Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and Uganda discussed the potential
applications of isotopic data in Nile Basin management and concluded that there were important issues
related to improving the estimates of water balance in the Nile Basin that are not wel understood at
present. The use of isotopes can improve this understanding on a basin-wide scale and the Agency
was requested to formulate a proposal for an IAEA-supported regional project to begin in 2003. The
project is being implemented in two phases. The project activities being car ied out under phase I
(2003-2004) focus on the White Nile and Lake Victoria basins. The activities car ied out in phase II
(2005-2006) are covering the Blue Nile and Main Nile basins. The first phase of the project has
addressed the water balance of Lake Victoria and investigated the interaction between the lake and the
sur ounding groundwater.
The First Coordination Meeting of the project was held in Entebbe, Uganda, in April 2003 and was
at ended by representatives of Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda and the United Republic of
Tanzania as wel as participants from the Agency, The Nile Basin Initiative and the Lake Victoria
Environmental Management Project. The meeting designed the workplan for phase I of the project
focusing on water balance studies for Lake Victoria.
The Second Project Coordination Meeting was held in Vienna from 22 to 26 November, 2004. The
participants reviewed progress made and updated workplans.
At the first Coordination Meeting held at Entebbe, Uganda (2003), sampling priorities and strategies
were set to study the water balance of the Nile Basin using isotopes. It was decided to begin the
project on the Lake Victoria Basin with the cooperation of Kenya, Uganda and the Tanzania. The
project included providing training in isotopic methods, support for sampling, analysis of samples as
wel as the assessment of the resulting data. Samples were col ected of water from Lake Victoria,
groundwaters along the border of the lake, and surface waters that feed the lake. Some rainfal
stations were also set up. Further meetings and training sessions were held at Mwanza and Kisumu to
continue the progress of the programme. The data resulting from these ef orts have been assessed and
the importance of groundwater input into the surface waters of the basin was clearly evident. Initial
sampling was car ied out in the second phase (beginning in 2005) of the program along the Blue Nile
in the Sudan, in the Lake Tana region of Ethiopia, and along the lake behind the High Dam in Egypt.
The initial programme was successful and many of its results are detailed below and in the reports
appended to this report. It was felt that further work was needed to improve the understanding of the
importance of groundwater to the Nile River Basin. It was decided to hold a meeting with a view to
developing a medium sized project proposal that could be presented to the United Nations
Developmental Program Global Environmental Facility (UNDP/GEF) for funding to be matched with
a fol ow-up IAEA Technical Cooperation project for the time-frame 2007-2010. This meeting brought
together representatives of six of the countries involved in basin management, and representatives of
relevant Nile Basin projects along with IAEA staf and experts (see Annex 1 for the list of
participants).
The objectives of the meeting were as fol ows:
· To reach common understanding of the knowledge gap concerning groundwater inter-linkages
with the Nile and relevance to Nile River Basin management activities;
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· To review the relevance and need for assessing the groundwater- surface water inter-linkages
in the Nile River Basin in light of the results of the on-going IAEA technical cooperation
project (RAF8/037) that is investigating groundwater linkages in the Lake Victoria and Blue
Nile basins
· To gain agreement amongst project partners about the objectives, expected outputs &
outcomes, activities and needed inputs for the IAEA/GEF/UNDP new initiative for adding the
groundwater dimension to Nile River Basin management activities;
· To prepare the draft document for a Medium-sized Project Proposal to be considered for co-
funding by UNDP/GEF and the IAEA in the frame of an expanded cooperative project based
on the cur ent IAEA project (RAF/8/037);
· To reach agreement on the approach and time frame for finalizing the project proposal, roles
and responsibilities in project preparation as wel as for implementation, etc.
The meeting provided an opportunity to discuss the feasibility and value of using isotopes to help
understand the importance of groundwater within the basin and represents an important step in
developing a program to continue and improve on the work begun in 2003. The project has been
directed at both finishing the work started and completing aspects of the original programme that have
been identified.
The meeting was held at the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna,
Austria of 29 May 2 June, 2006. Representatives from Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan Uganda and the
United Republic of Tanzania participated in the meeting. The representative from Kenya was unable
to at end the meeting but sent his report, which was presented at the meeting. Other representatives
from stakeholders including the Nile Basin Water Resources Management Project (also designated to
represent the Nile Basin Initiative,) the Nile Transboundary Environmental Action Project, and the
Lake Victoria Basin Commission, were present as wel as IAEA staf and external experts. The
meeting was opened by the Mr. Karol Skornik, Acting Section Head in the Division of Africa
(Department of Technical Cooperation) and Mr. Pradeep Aggarwal, Section Head of Isotope
Hydrology Section.
Mr. Skornik emphasised that the Nile Basin represents a trans-boundary resource to be shared and that
groundwater impacts both the water quality and quantity. This is an area that has been identified as
important for proper management of the water resources and ecosystems of the basin. Mr. Aggarwal
discussed the on-going IAEA TC project and noted the constraints on what the Agency could fund.
Thus, he emphasized the importance of cooperating with another organization(s) to fund other aspects
of adding groundwater to Nile River basin management activities.
Mr. Ghany was selected by the meeting to be Chairperson and Mr Michel was designated rapporteur
for the meeting .
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RESOURCE MATERIAL
The fol owing inputs were provided to the meeting (these presentations are col ected in Annex B):
A. Garner IAEA/ Water Resources Programme: Mr. Garner presented an overview of the water
activities of the IAEA including past and present work in the Nile Basin. The agency is charged with
the development of the use of isotopes for peaceful processes. A part of this programme is to promote
the use of isotopes in hydrology to assist in water management activities. Increasingly IAEA water
activities are including involvement in international water projects with other agencies where
practical. There is presently a partnership in the frame of a GEF project, between the IAEA, UNDP
and GEF on the Nubian Aquifer that should be beneficial to al 4 countries involved. The proposal,
that would be the focus of this meeting, would also be a Medium Size Project Proposal (MSP), and
would at empt to at ain the same level of cooperation and funding to add the groundwater dimension
to the Nile including determining the groundwater interactions within the Nile Basin. The cur ent
proposed project would include using isotopes on a basin-wide scale to understand the role of
groundwater in sustaining the water levels and ecosystems in the basin as wel as support the
integration of groundwater into institutional and policy related activities in the Nile.
N. Jarvis - IAEA / Technical Cooperation Programme: Mr Jarvis discussed the role of the
technical cooperation programme in IAEA Member States. This has included technology transfer,
capacity building, training, advice and the supply of equipment within the context of addressing
national priorities clearly defined as such in the respective Country Programme Frameworks (CPF)
established for each country to guide IAEA cooperation. The initial project, RAF/8/037, was funded
by the IAEA through its technical cooperation programme
Hesham El-Ghany Nile Basin Initiative: Mr Ghany gave a presentation explaining the function of
the NBI on behalf of the NBI whose representative could not at end the meeting. The NBI is
composed of the 10 basin countries which work jointly to manage the basin in the best manner. This
must be done in cooperation with the appropriate stakeholders to make sure that al important issues
are represented.
J. Omwenga Nile Transboundary Environmental Assessment Project: Mr Omwenga noted that
the basin has a population of 160 mil ion people. It includes 100,000 km2 of wetlands of which 30 000
km2 are in the Sudd. Water quality issues have become very important for the members of the NBI.
Several trans-boundary stations have been agreed on as sampling and monitoring stations by the
member nations. These stations are part of a basin-wide quality monitoring system to track the present
state of water quality and how it is changing with time. It is important to understand the response time
of water quality to changes in the water balance, and especial y to changes in management practices
that may occur. As of the present time, potential water quality problems resulting from groundwater
input into the surface water system have not been considered.
H. Ghany -Water Resources Planning and Management Project: Groundwater issues are not yet
an integral part of the NBI even though most people now agree on its importance. There is a need to
develop analytical tools to assist managers in decision making regarding water resources. Guidelines
need to be developed for the use of such tools. A computer-based Decision Support System (DSS)
wil be developed to assist in this ef ort. The question is how best to develop this system and how the
data wil be shared. This is important so that al countries wil accept and have confidence in the
decisions made. A discussion was held on how the groundwater element could be added to the NBI
and how it might be included in decision making. Information on groundwater/surface water would
be a useful input into the DSS.
Current State of Knowledge - R. Michel, IAEA Expert: Mr Michel discussed the cur ent state of
isotopic knowledge in the Nile Basin, with emphasis on what was found in the 2003-2006 sampling
programme. Prior to 2003, very lit le isotopic sampling had been car ied out on a large scale in the
Lake Victoria basin, with only one IAEA project, studying mostly groundwater in Kenya, producing a
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significant data base within the basin. A few academic studies had been car ied out which included a
smal amount of isotopic data.
Early sampling in this project concentrated in the Lake Victoria area as noted. Samples were col ected
of stable isotopes of water, tritium and some tritium/helium-3 and strontium samples. Wel s of
opportunity were used for sampling of groundwater, which was not the ideal situation for some cases.
Samples were also col ected of lake water and rainfal .
Results from Lake Victoria indicate that it is a highly-evaporated water body with a relatively uniform
isotopic content. It is not yet possible to construct a complete water balance for the lake due to a lack
of information of the isotopic concentration of evaporated water. The data sets did indicate that lake
water does not flow out to local groundwater with one exception.
Much less data are available for the Nile Basin between Lake Victoria and the Egyptian border.
Almost no isotopic data are available for most of the White Nile and the Sudd. What is available for
the White Nile show large seasonal swings. There is evidence for the outflow of water from the Blue
Nile to the groundwater in Northern Sudan. By contrast to other parts of the basin, a vast data base
exists for Egypt, especial y downstream of the High Dam.
Model ing of the Basin G. Leavesley, IAEA Expert: Mr Leavesley indicated that identifying the
extent of uncertainty in water fluxes was one of the important results of model ing. Initial model ing
is used to determine what parameters are missing in a data set and which unknowns could be most
important for reducing the uncertainties. A water balance model has been developed, in cooperation
with the IAEA, which uses isotopes to assist in understanding the flux of water within the system. The
model determines the importance of groundwater as wel as precipitation and surface flow.
For the Nile Basin, it would be useful to apply an appropriate model early in the study to determine
what the uncertainties were in the water fluxes, and what information is needed to reduce these
uncertainties. As more data become available, additional model ing would assist in determining what
sampling strategy to employ to continue to firm up an understanding of the basin fluxes.
Mr. Okrut - Lake Victoria Basin Commission: Mr. Okrut discussed the role of the Commission in
both preservation of the Lake Victoria basin water supplies and in the economic development of the
area. He noted that economic development and the benefits to the local residents have to be
considered when discussing water usage in the basin. Issues facing the Commission include
ecosystem degradation in various catchments, decrease in water quality, dropping water level in the
lake, maintenance of the fishing industry which is crucial to the countries, and loss of surface springs
that feed the rivers and ultimately the lake. In spite of many ef orts taken independently by various
countries and agencies over the years, it became apparent that a regional legal framework was
necessary. Six critical requirements were identified at the establishment of the Commission: (1)
securing political commitment; (2) promoting regional coordination; (3) strengthening existing
institutions; (4) involving stakeholders; (5) formulating partnership with interested parties; and (6)
funding by partner states. The aim is to harmonize the policies concerning the lake system among the
countries involved. It is anticipated that the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi
wil ultimately be involved in the Commission and ef orts are presently underway to accomplish this
goal.
COUNTRY REPORTS
The fol owing country reports (see Annex C) were presented to the meeting and summarised below:
Lake Victoria Study
Kenya: The Kenyan delegate was unable to come to the meeting but submit ed a powerpoint
presentation for his country. The presentation identified only one sample of groundwater (from Modi)
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could possibly have any influence of lake water in it. All other data indicated that groundwater flux
was toward the lake system. The presentation requested additional ef ort to determine why Modi was
dif erent. They also through that it would be beneficial to obtain more rainwater data to understand
the isotopic input function bet er.
Uganda (Mr. Tindimugaya): Mr Tindimugaya discussed the fact that the geology of the area was
weathered rocks over fractured basement rocks. The isotopic results from Uganda were very similar
to those from the other lake basin countries. There was no indication of the lake water penetrating into
the groundwater system. He discussed that fact that the cur ent trans-boundary basin programs do not
adequately address groundwater issues. In part this is due to the traditional structure of the agencies
where groundwater agencies are frequently dif erent from those agencies that deal with surface water
issues. Also, groundwater interactions are poorly understood making it dif icult to add this component
to the decision making process. It was hoped that findings from this program and subsequent
programs would remedy some of these problems. As in other basin countries, sampling of deeper
groundwater and of groundwater at the edge of the lake was not possible because of the lack of funds
to dril appropriately sited wel s. It was not possible to fund wel s with the funds from the last
program. Drive-point piezometers did not function wel due to the geology of the area. This is a flaw
in the sampling design that could be eliminated if funding was secured in the GEF proposal.
Tanzania (Mr. Mabula): Mr Mabula discussed the groundwater system of the URT with respect to
the geology and climatology of the region. He also showed the results of the first sampling campaigns
in the groundwater, river waters and lake water of URT. The data were focused on the area of the
Kagera and Mara rivers and around Mwanza. There were no groundwater samples that showed any
lake water influence during the sampling campaigns. The lake waters were al very similar and
indicated that variations in lake waters are general y within the uncertainty of the measurements.
River waters were slightly more evaporated than rainwater but were very distinct from lake waters.
There was also a desire for sampling of deep groundwater. He stated that more data is needed from
stations closer to the lake and that more emphasis needs to be spent on analyses of the river systems.
The lake itself appears to be wel mixed and sampling of lake water can now be reduced to routine
monitoring .
Blue Nile Study
Sudan (Mr. Taha): Mr Taha stated that the initial sampling programmes on the Blue Nile have
begun. The first set of data was delivered the day of the meeting and he did not have time to analyze
the results yet. The program was aimed at looking at the flux of river water into the groundwater
system along the banks. This seems to be the main groundwater/surface water interaction along the
Blue Nile also some samples of rainfal from location on the Blue Nile were taken and sent to Nienna
for analysis. Very lit le has been done on the White Nile and no sampling has been car ied out in the
Sudd due to problems with security. It is hoped, due to recent political changes, that this problem wil
be al eviated in the next year or two. Some sampling on the White Nile wil be possible at major cities
a few times per year, but the ability to sample within the swamps is stil uncertain.
Ethiopia (Mr Yimenu): Mr. Yimenu noted that the Ethiopian section of the Blue Nile is divided into
12 basins of which four could be considered major basins. One of these flows into the White Nile
ultimately as the Sobat. The other basins flow to the Blue Nile or Atbara. An important issue is in
what happens to waters in Lake Tana when its volume seems to decrease every year. Does it go into
the groundwaters or is it simply lost through evaporation or outflow? Also, the water level in the
swamps adjoining the Pero and Sobat systems seem to drop every year and it is not clear where that
water goes. Sampling within this swamp system would be important to define the role of
groundwater/surface water interaction in this system. Rain sampling systems have been set up and
samples of groundwater, lake water and river water have been taken for the Lake Tana basin. Results
are not yet available. It is hoped that increased sampling wil occur of both precipitation and river
waters within the next year.
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Lake Nasser Study
Egypt (Mr Mohamed): Mr. Mohamed stated that samples have been col ected from Lake Nasser and
the adjoining groundwater systems. These samples have not yet been analyzed so there were no data
to report. It is hoped to determine if groundwater flows into the lake or visa versa using these data. It
is known that major evaporation (and cor esponding loss of water) occurs in the lake behind the High
Dam. The extent of evaporation from the lake may also be bet er determined by these data. There is
also an interest in seeing if similar exchange processes are occur ing between groundwater and river
water in the bar ages that lie below the dam and impound waters for brief times. It is thought that
groundwaters may flow into and out of the river in these locations. However, the question of whether
isotopes are the proper techniques to study this issue was raised.
POSSIBLE FUTURE THRUSTS FOR THE USE OF
ISOTOPES IN STUDYING GROUNDWATER/SURFACE
WATER INTERACTIONS IN THE NILE BASIN
After having considered the above material, the fol owing inputs on possible future directions for the
project were presented (see Annex D):
Mr. Michel, IAEA expert: Mr. Michel discussed the way that future projects might use isotopes to
elucidate the importance of groundwater to the water balance of the Nile Basin. As noted,
groundwater appears to be entering Lake Victoria along most of its shores, with very limited or no
flow of water in the reverse direction. Previous sampling was car ied out using wel s of opportunity,
which was acceptable at that point in the program. However, this limited the depths that were sampled
to mostly shal ow waters. Being wel s used for local water supply, most wel s were also 1-3 km away
from the lake. No sampling of groundwater at the lake edge was possible. It would be good to
remedy both of these shortcomings in a new program by instal ing wel s in locations up to or slightly
beyond the lake shore to confirm earlier findings that no lake water is lost to the groundwater system
at any depth.
Isotopic data could also help determine the role of groundwater in maintaining swamps and wetlands
within the basin. What limited data does exist (including data from the IAEA program) suggests that
one of the sources of water to the wetlands is groundwater. This is in accord with many theories of
wetland formation and maintenance at the present time. It would be useful to instal shal ow wel s
within and near to the wetlands to sample the waters under these systems. This data could be
compared to data derived from the surface water sampling and would indicate how similar the swamp
waters are isotopical y to adjacent river or lake waters. It would also indicate if lake or river water is
penetrating into groundwater in these areas. The answer to these questions would be crucial to
maintaining ecosystems in these areas.
There is also a need to understand the age of the baseflow that enters the dif erent river systems within
the basin. This baseflow is composed of groundwater and its age indicates the ability of the river to
maintain a minimum flow during periods of low rain fal . This requires routine sampling of rain and
river systems.
Mr. Michel outlined a potential sampling strategy that the countries need to review to help answer
these questions. Work in the Lake Victoria region would consist of estimating the influx of water
from the groundwater into the lakes, and estimating the age of the base flow component that enters the
various river systems. Isotopes used would be stable isotopes of water, tritium, and possibly
tritium/helium-3 dating.
In the upper lakes region of Uganda and the White Nile, data are needed to begin to assess the
importance of groundwater in feeding the swamps and wetlands. This included reconnaissance
sampling of the systems, possible instal ation of wel s in selected locations, as wel as establishment of
some rainwater stations to determine isotopic input data. Sampling would be for stable isotopes of
water, tritium and strontium isotopes. Strontium isotopes have been shown to be a powerful analogue
to other isotopic data in this region.
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Along the Blue Nile, two important issues were identified: (1) extent and age of base flow feeding the
Blue Nile (and the Sobat River) from the Ethiopian highlands and (2) rate of loss of water through
bank recharge to the lands along the Blue Nile in Sudan. Stable isotopes of water, tritium and
tritium/helium dating were identified as potential tracers for these problems. The main use of isotopes
for the Egyptian Nile would be to determine losses by evaporation in the lake behind the High Dam,
and loss through bank recharge of river water. Stable isotopes of water, tritium and possibly
tritium/helium-3 dating were considered the most useful tracers for these problems.
Mr. Khater Egypt: Mr. Khater discussed the overal importance of groundwater throughout Africa.
He noted that many countries rely on groundwater and that some countries within the basin have major
groundwater reserves that could be used to supplement their use of water from the river. He suggested
that a major assessment of groundwater could be helpful in mitigating water shortage during periods
of drought. He also mentioned that saline water intrusion into the Nile Delta aquifer in Egypt is a
major issue of concern.
PROJECT FORMULATION
Having considered al the above inputs, the meeting proceeded to formulate the Medium Size Project
(MSP) proposal. The draft document, including updates made subsequent to the meeting and after
consultation with GEF personnel is found in Annex E.
Mr Garner discussed what was to be expected in writing the project document. It was agreed that the
project should be restricted to only groundwater within the Nile Basin and was not to be an assessment
of groundwaters beyond the limits of the basin. It would also support how groundwater should be
included into policy and management level discussions in Nile Basin activities It was expected that it
would be a three-year program involving sampling and analysis of the scientific meaning of the
results, both on a local and regional scale, and development of a multi-tiered approach to communicate
the results to the interested stakeholders.
The MSP would consist of desired objectives, the components of the project that would meet these
objectives and outputs that would indicate the success of the ef orts. Objectives were identified and
six components were outlined as needed to meet these objectives (please see the MSP proposal.)
Each country at the meeting was asked to develop a sampling program based to extend their
knowledge of the interaction of groundwater and surface water within the Nile basin. The regional
projects were also asked for input on what they felt was needed. A list of stakeholders were identified
that would need to be kept informed of the progress of the work. These included basin-wide entities,
national and local governmental groups, private consulting agencies and local universities that might
be involved in basin work, citizen and business groups that interact along the basin, and other entities
that might depend on water from the basin. International funding agencies that have an interest in the
overal basin management (World Bank, African Development Bank, etc) were also identified as
stakeholders.
A time line was established which envisioned sending a draft project document to the countries by
early July. Comments from the various countries would be solicited. The appropriate agencies in the
various countries would have to furnish let ers: (1) indicating their wil ingness to participate in the
project and (2) what in-kind support they could contribute for car ying out of the project. The
project proposal would then be submit ed formal y to GEF with an anticipated start date of January,
2007. The issue of having a project manager was discussed, but it was decided that it was not needed
to have a ful time manager at this time.
Mr. Aggarwal noted that the data to be col ected were needed to try to develop an overal model for
understanding the interaction of surface waters and groundwater in the basin. Ideal y, this output
could be used as part of the `decision support system' for the Nile basin.
The at endees divided into two working groups to address the issues identified as required for the
proposal. One group focused on sampling design for identifying where groundwater is important in
sustaining the surface water flow. The group noted that there were large areas of the basin where data
were lacking and instituting a sampling and monitoring program would help bridge this gap.
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Development of a successful model could help focus the sampling campaigns and predict changes
brought about by changes in management practices.
The second group focused on the issues of integrating groundwater considerations into the present
structure of the basin planning and management and overseeing the implementation of the MSP. It
was noted that the groundwater component in the basin has not been considered as part of the overal
water budget by most national and regional water planning and management organizations. Al
members agreed that it is general y acknowledged that groundwater is an important issue in managing
the basin but it has not been formal y included in most inter-basin agencies up to this time for a series
of reasons.
Working Group 1: Development of the sampling programme (Mr. Leavesley, Mr Michel, Mr.
Mohamed, Mr. Yimenu, Mr. Taha, Mr. Tindimugaya and Mr. Mabula)
The working group agreed that the sampling and data analyses program should focus on three
components:
1. Impact of groundwater/surface water interactions in the lakes and wetlands and its
implications for the ecosystem.
2. Determining the extent and age of groundwater input into the river systems.
3. Synthesizing the data and information using water balance model ing.
The five countries present submit ed a work plan and a budget to be part of the MSP. The countries
detailed their needs for sampling, support and training to meet the goals in their work plans. The work
plan involved standard and isotopic measurements as wel as application of a water balance model(s),
which can be used to help managers with their `decision support systems'.
Working Group 2: Incorporating groundwater into the Nile Basin Plan (Mr. Garner, Mr. Ghany, Mr.
Khater, Mr. Luken, Mr. Omwenga, and Mr Orkut)
The working group agreed that there needs to be a concerted ef ort to incorporate the groundwater
element into the cur ent structure for basin management. A format must be found to make the data
available to al potential stakeholders. Oversight of the program must be part of the process to make
sure it is meeting the needs of the basin management and complements the activities of other on-going
national and regional water planning and management ef orts.
An initial report of what is known about the regional groundwater should be car ied out early in the
program. A management structure needs to be established for seeing that information is disseminated
to al interested parties, including regional and national commit ees. There needs to be an enhanced
understanding of groundwater management issues for decision makes.
Regular progress reports would be given to the funding agencies to make sure that al parties are
complying with the program to the best of their abilities.
CONCLUSIONS
The meeting made the fol owing conclusions:
1. The Nile Basin is a crucial shared resource that needs to be monitored and careful y used to
maintain its value to the countries of the basin. The system is important for both
socioeconomic and ecosystem issues for many of the countries within the basin. Many of the
states within the basin are arid and depend on the basin waters for a large fraction of their
water supply;
2. At the present time, groundwater/surface water interactions are known to be a major factor in
the basin, but are not explicitly included in most basin planning ef orts and management
strategies. In part this is so because this interaction is not wel understood. In particular, the
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importance of groundwater in maintaining the ecosystems of the various swamps (including
the Sudd) is total y unknown and needs to be determined if proper management strategies are
to be instituted;
3. The IAEA project that was undertaken between 2003 and 2006 has been important in
understanding some of the groundwater interactions with Lake Victoria and has served as
"proof of concept", but many issues have yet to be resolved. More work needs to be car ied
out in the Lake Victoria region and its adjoining wetlands as wel as in areas that to this time
have not been adequately studied. In particular, the Sudd and the Ethiopian Highlands require
more study and proper selection of isotopic samples that would enhance understanding of the
water balance of these areas;
4. There is a need for a continuing study of the basin in al areas, using both standard hydrologic
and isotopic methods, as wel as developing proper model ing. An improved understanding of
the groundwater component of the basin should result from this program. This information
should be communicated to stakeholders and decision makers within the basin so that the
results can be added as a component of the Nile basin `decision support system'. Activities
are included in the MSP to accomplish this.
5. In addition, assistance is needed to demonstrate to Nile countries how groundwater should be
included in cur ent activities as wel as to build understanding as to how groundwater should
be included in policy and management decisions in Nile Basin Management.
6. It was agreed that the above issues should be addressed in the frame of the IAEA/UNDP/GEF
Groundwater Dimension of the Nile MSP.
Page 13
Annex f)
Relevant Information On Wetlands from Nile River Basin `Transboundary
Environmental Analysis' (2001).
Development Chal enge
Ef orts to reduce poverty and to stimulate sustainable economic growth in the Nile basin are
being undermined by a variety of environmental problems e.g. soil erosion, degradation of agricultural
lands, desertification, loss of forests and wetlands, overgrazing of pastures, declining water quality,
over-exploitation of fisheries, eutrophication of lakes, invasive water weeds, inadequate urban waste
management, waterborne diseases, declining biodiversity and the threat of climate change. As a result,
there is an urgent need to integrate environmental concerns into poverty al eviation and economic
development strategies.
Transboundary Issues
Physical or chemical impacts that can cross national boundaries downstream. Deforestation
and soil erosion can increase vulnerability to drought and lead to increased
sedimentation and greater flood risks downstream, while sediments also accumulate in
wetlands and reservoirs. Urbanization, industrialization and increased use and improper
application of pesticides and fertilizers lead to increased runof and pol ution that harm
downstream water users.
.
Loss and degradation of wetlands and lakes. Water-dependent ecosystems throughout the Nile
basin contribute to the stability, resistance and resilience of both natural and human systems to stress
and sudden changes. Significant transboundary benefits flow from various ecosystems, such as
maintaining water quality, trapping sediment, retaining nutrients, buf ering floods, stabilizing micro-
climates and providing storm protection.
Need for transboundary cooperation to protect key habitats. Many key plant and animal
species have habitats in adjoining countries, often requiring cross-border protected areas and other
conservation measures for ef ective management. For example, the Nile is a principal flyway for birds
migrating between central Africa and Mediter anean Europe, and Nile wetlands in a variety of
countries provide indispensable habitats for these birds.
The Wetlands
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and they cover at least
100,000 square kilometers in the Nile basin. Found at a variety of altitudes, they range from montane
bogs and upland val ey bot oms, through mid-level swamps and floodplains down to riverine wetlands
and eventual y to the delta at and below sea level. The Nile wetlands include a variety of swamps,
marshes, seasonal y inundated grasslands and sedgelands, swamp forests, floodplains and the wetland
edges of lakes and rivers. About 3 percent of the Nile basin is covered by wetlands, compared with 2
percent forest and 1.4 percent ir igated croplands. The greatest concentration of wetlands is in Uganda,
with around 12 percent of the country made up of wetlands. The 20,000 square kilometers Nile Delta
in Egypt includes lakes, freshwater and saline wetlands and intertidal areas as wel as large agricultural
areas and towns. Of particular importance are the wetlands of Fayoum located on the river system.
The buf ering qualities of the Nile wetlands make a critical contribution to maintaining river
flows despite strong seasonal variations in rainfal pat erns. For example, the Machar wetlands in
Page 14
Sudan receive the floodwaters of the Baro River as wel as local rainfal and the flows of numerous
tor ents from the Ethiopian highlands. This water moves slowly across the marshes in braided
channels and smal streams to reach the Nile system much later in the season, maintaining the river
flow long after the rains have passed. In the same sub-basin, the high altitude wetlands of Ethiopia
store water after the rains have ceased and then release it slowly over the dry season into the Didesa
River which feeds the Blue Nile, as wel as into the Baro River and thence the Sobat and the White
Nile. Many Nile wetlands also reduce the energy of stream flows by absorbing their force on the
mil ions of bending reed and grass stems. Papyrus and a variety of
other large grasses and sedges provide this service, which is of critical importance during floods.
Other wetlands contribute to water quality by trapping sediment among the stems and roots of
emergent plants. Water flowing from the agricultural areas of Mount Elgon in Uganda is brown with
sediment, while fifty kilometers downstream the water becomes clear after passing through the
Butaleja and Tirinyi swamps upstream of Lake Kyoga. Wetlands can also play a key part in purifying
wastewater from agricultural, industrial and urban areas. For example, the Nakivubo Swamp receives
partial y treated sewage from Kampala and manages to remove most of the nutrients and
biodegradable pol utants from the city before that outflow reaches Lake Victoria. Final y, wetlands are
thought to have an important influence on the local microclimate and large wetlands, like the Sudd,
can impact regional rainfal pat erns.
The 30,000 square kilometer Sudd in Sudan is the largest wetland in Africa and supports many
people, livestock and fisheries. Even though much remains to be understood about the hydrology and
ecology of this extensive and valuable wetland, it is clear that the lakes, swamps and marshes of the
Sudd do buf er stream flows and thus help spread the flow of the Nile over the entire year. The Sudd
consists mainly of papyrus swamps with water grass plus a complex network of channels and lakes,
some permanent and others seasonal. This wetland is extremely flat, with a slope of only 0.01 percent
or less for 400 kilometers from south to north. Annual floods are a key feature, gradual y expanding
and running over the banks of the main Bahr El Jebel River, then sweeping northwards. The
permanent swamps become deeper and the seasonal y inundated grasslands upon which pastoralists
depend become flooded. The floodwaters continue northward and reenter the main river channel,
supplemented by the Bahr El Ghazal River. Less than half of the water entering the Sudd flows out of
it into the White Nile as a result of evapotranspiration as wel as water absorption by seasonal y
flooded areas. This loss of water from the Nile system has received at ention since ancient times,
culminating in the proposed 360 kilometer Jonglei Canal to bypass the Sudd with the objective of
increasing the downstream flow of the Bahr El Jebel River into the White Nile by 50 percent.
Construction of the Canal began in 1978 and was suspended in
1984 due to the civil war in Sudan, with about 240 kilometers completed. In recent years the
importance of bet er understanding the impact of the canal on the Sudd and the people who depend on
the wetland ecosystem has been widely recognized.
Proximate or Immediate Threats: Wetlands, Lake Degradation and Biodiversity
Wetlands in the Nile basin are threatened by drainage (for agriculture, industry and
set lements), fil ing (for solid waste disposal, roads and set lements), dredging and stream
channelization (for navigation and flood protection), hydrological alteration (for canals, roads and
other structures), groundwater abstraction, siltation, and discharges of pesticides, herbicides, and
sewage. Al of these reduce the value and productivity of wetlands. In some cases waste loads have
increased to such an extent that the wetlands' natural capacity as buf er and filter for sediments and
certain pol utants is exceeded.
The Nile basin's most pol uted wetlands are in the Nile Delta, where ir igation drainage water,
untreated or partial y-treated urban wastes and industrial ef luents have destroyed several forms of
aquatic life, reduced the productivity of fisheries and contaminated the fish catch. Elsewhere,
Uganda's rich and extensive wetlands have been seriously degraded by conversion to agriculture,
overexploitation for timber (for construction and fuel), papyrus (for construction, fuel and
handicrafts), grasses and sedges (for thatch), and wild food plants and medicines. Shifts to use as
Page 15
pastureland fol owed by overgrazing have caused soil erosion on former reed swamps, while many
former papyrus wetlands are no longer able to protect pastures, croplands and set lements from
flooding. Other wetlands in Uganda have been lost or degraded by drainage and reclamation for
dairy farming and rice growing, by burning, by clay extraction for brick making, by conversion to
industrial sites and by pol ution from sewage, industrial ef luents and garbage dumping, especial y
in and around Kampala.
Although ir igation schemes often replace wetlands, they can also result in new artificial
wetlands. Certain ir igated rice paddy schemes have reproduced some of the same ecological
characteristics as natural ecosystems, such as Doho and Kibimba in Uganda and Ahero in western
Kenya. This has supported biodiversity conservation to the extent that wetland animals and plants can
colonize these schemes without becoming a threat to the crops being grown there.
Lake Victoria and the Kagerabas basin receive significant quantities of raw or partial y
treated sewage and industrial ef luents from rapidly expanding lakeshore set lements. Overflowing pit-
latrines and septic tanks as wel as contaminated storm water also pol ute the lake and its feeder rivers,
increasing the incidence of waterborne diseases. Breweries and factories processing sugar, paper and
textiles discharge their pol utants directly into the rivers and lake. Most of the factories have yet to
instal pol ution control equipment. Heavily pol uting, smal -scale gold mining is also increasing in
the basin and smal quantities of other heavy metals such as chromium and lead have been detected in
Lake Victoria.
Lake Victoria itself has undergone substantial ecological changes and deteriorating water
quality during recent decades. The number of economical y important fish species in the Lake has
declined during recent decades from about twenty species to only two or three, mainly the introduced
Nile perch and tilapia. The primary cause of the changes in water quality is not known, although it is
probably related to nutrient enrichment. Eutrophication is now considered to be the greatest threat to
the lake and the Kagera basin; it has been accompanied by the proliferation of aquatic weeds,
including water hyacinth, elephant grass and algal blooms. The greatest contribution of water hyacinth
plants to Lake Victoria originates from the Kagera River. Water hyacinth has spread rapidly over an
area of several thousand hectares, choking important waterways and adversely af ecting fishing,
navigation, hydropower generation, water supply, tourism and recreation. The main problem
associated with water hyacinth is that it forms dense mats of entangled plants that impede light
penetration to the waters below and so denies the growth of other plants; decaying water hyacinth mats
further reduce oxygen for other organisms in the lake. Increased eutrophication due to the abundance
of rot ing plants is a major problem in the lake. Water hyacinth mats also lead to increased
evapotranspiration, which means that more water is lost than would be from an open water surface
alone. The overal impacts include reduction in shore fisheries; interference with al fisheries
operations; disruption of water transport; decreased access to water for domestic, industrial and
agricultural purposes; obstruction of waterways, dams, and hydropower generation facilities; and
threats to many other lakeshore activities and biodiversity in the lake. Some improvements and a
decrease in the extent of water hyacinth mats have been observed in recent years. This has been
at ributed to various factors, including successful biological weed control supported by the Lake
Victoria Environmental Management Project.
Biodiversity losses are experienced in al the Nile's lakes, wetlands, savannas and dry and wet
forests. While in Lake Victoria the introduction of alien fish and plant species plays the major
destructive role, loss and fragmentation of habitat as a result of conversion, destruction or exploitation
are the main threats in other areas. Pol ution is a major threat in the Nile Delta and plays an important
secondary role elsewhere.
Most Nile countries have established extensive protected area networks to conserve their most
important species, habitats and ecosystems. But these areas have only rarely been adequately
protected, mostly because resources for management are inadequate, incentives for il egal
encroachment and exploitation are strong, and enforcement has been limited. The majority of
Page 16
important biodiversity assets are located outside formal protected areas, where they receive even less
protection.
Strengthened Wetland and Lake Management
The diversion of water from wetlands should only be done after a ful assessment of minimal
flow requirements and wetland dynamics, and an evaluation of the value and contribution of the
wetland to the economy, the environment and the livelihood of those using it. Measures to protect
quantity and quality of water entering wetlands should be taken, with special at ention to critical
periods of water availability for local people and their economy, as wel as aquatic and ter estrial
species in these areas. Use of wetlands as disposal sites for liquid and solid wastes must be minimized.
Important wetlands should be protected from land reclamation and should be included in protected
areas. Where viable, traditional conservation systems should be revived and supported. Direct and
indirect impacts to the ecological values of wetlands should be considered in al environmental
assessments prepared for water resources development programs in the Nile basin. Specific
conservation programs for wetlands and other key habitats should be developed, perhaps using
Uganda`s National Wetlands Program as a model. An ef icient means of habitat conservation is
establishment of a network of multiple use wetland protected areas supported by ef ective
management and planning.
Page 17
Annex g)
Water Balance Modeling
The water and isotope data col ected in the various components of this project would be used to
improve the understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of the hydrological processes within
the Nile basin. This knowledge coupled with the measured data wil guide the development and testing
of monthly and annual water-balance models to simulate water and isotope storages and fluxes within
the basin. This work would be developed in close cooperation with WRPMP so as to optimal y
support the Nile DSS.
The general water balance equation can be writ en as
dS/dt = Inflow Outflow (1)
where S is volume of storage and t is time. In many applications of equation 1, inflow and
outflow are treated as aggregate values with no distinction of the various sources that may
compose inflow and outflow. To consider these various sources, equation 1 can be rewrit en
for a lake or river reach as
dV/dt = Gi + P + Si Go E So (2)
where Gi and Si are ground-water and surface-water inflow rates, Go and So are ground-water
and surface-water outflow rates, P is the precipitation rate, E is the evaporation rate, V is the
volume of water in storage, and t is time (Krabbenhoft et al., 1990).
Similarly the isotope mass balance equation can be writ en as
d(V L) /dt = GiGi + PP + SiSi GoGo EE - SoSo (3)
where the delta notation fol owed by a subscript represents the isotopic composition of each
component defined in equation 2 above. The term L refers to the isotopic composition of a
lake or river reach.
For lake and river applications, equation 3 is typical y rewrit en to solve for Gi and Go, as
these terms are the most dif icult to measure or estimate. Evaporation is solved using
meteorological data and isotopes values are measured or estimated from regional values.
Another simplifying assumption that can be made is to assume that the lake or river is at
steady state so that dV/dt is equal to zero. However, this is general y not a valid assumption
for monthly or longer time periods. Rewriting equation 3 to solve for Gi gives
Gi = ( PP + SiSi GoGo EE - SoSo ) *dt - d(V L) ) / (Gi * dt) (4)
Page 18
For applications where ground water is being lost from a lake or river, Go can be assumed to
be equal to L. For applications where ground water is gained and lost from a lake or river, the
ratio of Gi to Go and their individual values can be estimated using their values and the
measured isotopic value of L .
For example, in a lake application, rewriting equation 2 as
Gi Go = dV/dt - (P E) (6)
enables one to solve for what the dif erence between Gi and Go need to be match the physical
change in lake stage. Estimates of Gi and Go can be computed using lake stage
measurements, the hydraulic gradient based on water levels in nearby wel s, and an assumed
value for hydraulic conductivity.
Equation 4 can also be rewrit en to solve for L at the end of a given time step as
L2 = (V1 L1 + GiGi + PP GoGo EE ) / V2 (7)
where the components are as defined above and the subscripts 1 and 2 on V and L are the
volume and delta 18O of the computational volume of the lake at the beginning and the end of
the computational period. Estimates of the magnitude of Gi and Go can be made by using the
measured values of of Gi and Go , and adjusting the values of Gi and Go to match the
computed and measured values of L2 .
The isotope value for E is the most dif icult component to measure or estimate. Using an
equation from Hostetler et al. ( ), E can be computed by
E = ( RE 1.) * 1000. (5)
RE = ( Rair / alpha) rhavg * f * Rlake) / ( (1.- rhavg) / alphak) +
(rhavg * (1. f) )
Rair = (air * 1000.) + 1.
Rlake = (L * 1000.) + 1.
Page 19
alpha = EXP ( 1137./ T2 - 0.4156 / T - 0.00207)
where T is lake surface temperature in K, rhavg is average relative humidity, alphak is 0.994,
air is -21., and f is 0.1. Rriver can be substituted for Rlake for application to river water balance
applications.
References:
Hay, L and G. McCabe (2002) Spatial Variability in Water Balance Model Performance in the
Coterminous United States, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38:3.
McCabe, G. and M. Ayres (1989) Hydrological Ef ects of Climate Change in the Delaware
River Basin, Water Resources Bul etin, 25:6.
Wolock, D and G McCabe (1999) Estimates of Run-of Using Water Balance and General
Atmospheric Circulation Models, Journal of the American Water Resources Association,
35:6.
Annex h)
Tentative List of National and International Consultants
The list refers to those consultants which are hired through the GEF contribution to the
project. The table gives the approximate number of consultant weeks1 according to
present planning.
Title/Type
Reference Main Tasks
Nat. Consult.
Int'l
(output)
(weeks)
Consult.
(weeks)
Outcome 1
National
Outputs
80
Hydrologists/
1.1 to 1.9 · Assist to design sampling campaigns (sites,
frequency and methodology)
Hydrogeologists
· Undertake sampling campaign as planned
· Contribute to the analysis of sampling
results
· Support the preparation of reports (water
balance, fraction and age of GW in surface
water etc. )
International
Outputs
12
Hydrologists/
1.1 to 1.9 · Lead the design of sampling campaigns
(sites, frequency and methodology)
Hydrogeologists
· Provide guidance for the respective
sampling campaigns as planned
· Guide the analysis of sampling results
· Facilitate the preparation of reports (water
balance, fraction and age of GW in surface
water etc. )
· Provide training on sampling approaches,
data evaluation etc.)
Outcome 2
National
Output 2.1
64
Hydrologists/
to 2.3
· Assist in the design of the sampling
campaign for the Sudd
Hydrogeologists
· Organize logistical support and car y out
sampling campaign
· Contribute to the analysis of results
· Support the preparation of reports
International
Output 2.1
14
Hydrologists/
to 2.3
· Guide the design as of the sampling
campaign for the Sudd
Hydrogeologists
· Provide constant feedback on the
implementation of the campaigns
· Monitor the analysis of results
· Oversee final reports and guide the
preparation of the component final
workshop
· Provide training on sampling approaches for
groundwater/surface water/ wetlands
interactions
International
Outputs
18
2
GW/Surface water 2.1 to 2.3 · Input and guidance to sampling campaign in
relation to data needed for the model ing
interaction specialist
activities (component 3)
/ model er
Outcome 3
National/ Regional Output 3.1
54
Researchers with
· Assessment of baseline situation in terms of
water model ing in the Nile Basin
model ing
experience
· Preparation of report on data, activities,
models and analysis
· Compilation of data/ information needed at
the regional level
International
Output 3.2
15
GW/surface water
and 3.3
· Selection, adaptation and or development of
appropriate water balance model
model er
· Close col aboration with the Nile Basin
Water Resources Management Project
· Input of assessment data to the model
· Running scenarios and interpreting results
· Articulating results to inform decision
making Preparation of model and
interpretation report
· Training of national and regional model ers,
especial y NBI team, national and regional
institutions
Outcome 4
National GW
Output 4.1
130
specialists
and 4.2
· Preparation of national GW status report
· Aggregation of national GW status reports
into regional GW status report
· Review of level of integration of GW into
national and regional water-related
interventions
· Recommendations on furthering GW
integration in the Nile Basin and riparians
Regional
Output 4.1
10
Groundwater
and 4.2
· Prepare guidance for national groundwater
specialists
specialist
· Facilitate the Integration of results from
Components 1, 2 and 3 into Nile Basin
Management Framework
· Develop a synthesis report on Groundwater
in the Nile
Groundwater policy Output 4.3 · Assessment of current status of regional
10
specialist
& Output
cooperation on GW in relation to the NBI
4.4
· Identification of most adequate tools and
practices for networking and knowledge
management in the frame of the NBI
· Recommendations for establishing and
sustaining the most suitable institutional
approach for integrating groundwater
considerations in Nile Basin Management.
· Preparation and submission of policy papers
on GW integration into Nile Basin Initiative
framework
Public information Output 4.1 · Development of outreach materials
7
specialist
-4.4
· Collaboration with groundwater specialist
and policy specialist
· Prepare and help deliver training and
awareness-raising workshops
· Recommendations for future training and
capacity building
M&E
Terminal evaluation Output 5.3
6
consultant
· Undertake a terminal evaluation of the
project as per standard UNDP/GEF practice
TOTAL
346
76
Annex i)
Overview of Major Project Meetings
Outcome Donor "ATLAS Budget 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
Comments
Description"
GEF National Meetings 0
0
0
0
0 None
GEF Regional Meetings 0 27 000 27 000 0 54 000 The objective of these coordination
meetings is to plan sampling campaigns
(sampling needed, approach, logistics
etc.) Second, results from previous
campaigns wil be reviewed and be the
basis for future work. These meetings
wil be augmented by training that is to
be supported by IAEA co-funding.
1
IAEA Training,
27 750 27 750 15 000 70 500 The IAEA co-funding wil support training
Sampling
in groundwater assessment, isotopic
Campaigns &
techniques as wel as data evaluation.
Data Evaluation
Some training wil be linked to the
coordination meetings, other training wil
be individual y tailored to specific
country/campaign needs.
IAEA Meetings
27 500 27 500 IAEA co-funding wil be used for the final
coordination meeting.
GEF National Meetings 0
8 100 8 100
0 16 200 Two national meetings are foreseen to
be held in southern Sudan i.e. in the
Sudd Swamp region due to the
significant logistical chal enges of trying
to conduct groundwater assessments in
this region which was, until recently,
insecure. There is also the chal enge of
coordinating activities with both the
2
regional government of Southern Sudan
with the National Sudan representatives.
The objective of the two meetings is to
plan groundwater assessment activities
i.e. sampling, logistics etc. and then to
assess results.
GEF Regional Meetings 0 17 280 17 280 0 34 560 Regional meetings wil bring in other
country representatives and
stakeholders to assess the greater inter-
linkages to the Nile Basin, to provide
guidance on sampling and coordinate
with related sampling in neighbouring
countries.
IAEA Training,
35 000 30 000 14 500 79 500 Training wil be provided in groundwater
Sampling
assessment including sampling, analysis
Campaigns &
etc. Training components wil be added
Data Evaluation
to GEF supported meetings (length
extended) and individual training wil be
provided. Training related to model ing in
this component would be jointly to
support model ing ef orts in component
3.
IAEA Meetings
22 500 22 500 IAEA co-funding wil support a final
meeting for this component to highlight
results, potential next steps (outside the
frame of the project) and to assure
appropriate integration into other NBI
activities and related initiatives (Ramsar
etc.)
3
GEF National Meetings 0
0
0
0
0
GEF Regional Meetings 0 26 568 26 568
53 136 The objective of the first meeting is to
plan activities, assure cooperation with
key partners (e.g. Nile WRMP project-
DSS) and to clarify model ing approach.
The second meeting would review initial
results, show relevance to overal NBI
activities and plan steps for finalizing the
model ing component. The final results
would be presented at other project
meetings (see component 5)
IAEA Meetings
0
GEF National Meetings 0 63 720 0
0 63 720 The objective of these national meetings
is for national groundwater experts,
relevant Nile partners/stakeholders
4
review the respective national
groundwater reports and to consider
next steps for integrating groundwater
considerations into NBI cooperation
GEF Regional Meetings 0 32 400 32 400 32 400 97 200 These meetings would serve to identify
approaches for integrating groundwater
considerations into NBI cooperation,
explore network opportunities and
appropriate institutional arrangements
and identify sustainable means to
include groundwater in Nile
management. Second, these meetings
would provide the forum to integrate
results from components 1, 2 and 3 into
Nile cooperation (requiring a greater
range of participants from partner
projects and institutions.) A day would be
added to each of these meetings to
serve as the Project Steering Commit ee
meetings.
IAEA Meetings
0
GEF Inception & Final 43 200 0
0 43 200 86 400 A project inception meeting would be
Project Meeting
held at the beginning of the project to
plan in even greater detail, project
activities, time frames (depending on
when the GEF MSP portion of the
project is approved and becomes
operational) to assure broad stakeholder
involvement and to solidify linkages with
other relevant NBI programme activities.
A final project meeting would be held at
5
the end of the project, to assess results
achieved and lessons learned, to assure
integration into existing Nile
management framework and to consider
potential next steps at the respective
national and regional levels.
*Meeting costs wil include: travel of participants, DSA, some local organization costs (to be shared with the government)
and other items needs for the meeting (i.e. transport for equipment, translation when necessary etc.) Expert costs wil
only be included if the expert is needed exclusively to conduct that meeting. Travel for international experts is included
under the Travel budget line (as per the norm). Travel budgets are estimates based on previous IAEA and NBI experience
in organizing and holding national, regional and sub-regional meetings.
Meetings related to components 1 and 2 wil held in locations where groundwater investigations wil be undertaken.
Meetings related to component 3 are planned to be held in Addis Ababa to assure coordination with the Nile Water
Resources Management Project which is based there. Meetings under components 4 and 5 wil be chosen in
consideration of other Nile Basin management meetings and ef orts wil be made to coordinate to the extent that this is
ef icient and rational.
Depending on the purpose of the meeting some national meetings wil be undertaken in al nine countries while others wil
focus only on countries where assessments and sampling are being undertaken. The same applies to regional meetings;
the number of participating countries wil depend on the objectives and involvement of the Nile riparians in specific
activities of the component. The regional coordination meetings wil involve al nine countries along with selected NBI
stakeholders from the dif erent SVP projects.